Which concept describes new networks formed to adapt?

• A. Cognitive reserve
• B. Lifestyle reserve
• C. Neural compensation
• D. Neural reserve

Answer: (C)

Neural compensation is the brain’s way of reorganizing processing by creating or recruiting alternative networks to take over functions when typical pathways are impaired. As aging or injury affects certain brain circuits, other regions can be engaged or new connections formed to support the task, allowing performance to be maintained. Neuroimaging often shows increased activation in non-dominant areas during tasks as this reorganization occurs. This differs from cognitive reserve, which is about resilience built up through life experiences; neural reserve, which focuses on the efficiency of existing networks; and lifestyle reserve, which relates to the impact of daily activities on brain health. The idea of new networks forming to adapt is best captured by neural compensation.