In Erikson's psychosocial theory, which stage is characterized by forming intimate relationships and avoiding isolation?

• A. Autonomy vs shame
• B. Intimacy vs isolation
• C. Identity vs role confusion
• D. Industry vs inferiority

Answer: (B)

Intimacy vs Isolation is the stage where forming close, committed relationships and avoiding loneliness are the main tasks. In Erikson’s model, this crisis unfolds in young adulthood as people seek deep, loving connections—romantic partnerships, strong friendships, and emotional closeness—while learning to balance togetherness with personal independence. Successfully navigating this stage leads to the virtue of love, the ability to form lasting bonds. If someone struggles to form intimate connections, they may experience isolation and loneliness, affecting future relationships. The other stages involve different challenges: autonomy vs. shame is about independence in early childhood, identity vs. role confusion about developing a sense of self in adolescence, and industry vs. inferiority about competence in school-age years.